I’ve
just read The Weekes Family Letters, the correspondence between Hampton Weekes (1780-1855)
during his time as a student at St Thomas’s Hospital in 1801-2, to his family at
Hurstpierpoint in Sussex. Hampton Weekes came from a medical family: his father
and younger brother Dick were both doctors (surgeon-apothecaries). His Father
Richard had studied at St Thomas’s before him, and Dick was due to study there
when Hampton had finished. His mother was dead and his step-mother Elizabeth
died in 1802. She brought with her a daughter, Fanny. Hampton also had two
sisters, Mary Ann and Grace, who with their step-sister helped run the family’s
medical practice.
Besides
being illuminating about the practice of medicine and the attitudes and beliefs
of eighteenth-century practitioners and patients, the letters give a vivid
insight into the life of a close and affectionate family. (The exception is the
step-mother, who the Weekes children were not particularly fond of.) They share advice on what to wear, who to make
friends with, medical case histories, and local gossip. They discuss the
weather (the Thames is “frozen over in part” in January 1802), horses, tenants,
the family business. Hampton’s father scolds him about overspending and going
too often to the theatre. It’s the ordinariness of the letters that opens the family’s
life up to you, and nowhere is this more apparent than in the detail of what
they sent back and forth to one another by carrier.
While
Hampton was in London he was given all sorts of commissions from his family,
and “Knowles’s waggon” was kept busy transporting
goods ranging from the homely to the bizarre. A new carpet for the best parlour
“that will not show the Dirt”, a chamber-pot stand, a sofa. Fish – not the sort people eat but
counters for games – made of ivory, bone or mother of pearl, they came in various
shapes, but fish-shaped ones were most popular.
For
his brother Dick, who was interested in mineralogy and botany, came fossils, shells,
plant cuttings, the “snout of a sawfish” killed off the west coast of Africa, an
elephant’s jaw, and “philosophical ink” – invisible ink. For his sisters
fashion advice – ladies are wearing “hair tippets forming a triangle upon, or
between ye. shoulders”. Also for the
girls lace, sheet music, and a shawl which they divided between them.
Food
and drink featured a great deal. From London came a 60 pound-tub of “cambridge
butter, excellent for toast”, a barrel of oysters which “I would advise you to
eat the evening they arrive”, coconut, figs. To London from the country came hares and
pheasants, pears (“eat them as soon as ever they are ripe”), hogs pudding, sausages,
apples, and empty barrels to be filled with porter and sent back.
Being
a medical family, it’s only natural that Hampton was given orders for medicines
and equipment. He sent James Powders, a thermometer, blister salve, forceps,
scalpels. He also sent human body parts. Most of them were dissected and
prepared by Hampton himself. A femur. A leg and foot – Hampton was going to
throw them away but thought he might as well dissect them. An entire “Skelleton”.
The testis of a London Bridge watchman – as this specimen was “offensive we
could not keep it in the surgery”, Hampton’s father told him. A box of bones with
instructions on macerating and bleaching them. The bones of a sailor aged about
30 who died from “inflamm. Of ye. Mucose membrane lining ye. Trachea”. A stomach.
To his friend William Borrer a female skeleton “by the Cobham stage” – what an
image this conjures!
Eighteenth-century
carriers must have been a tolerant breed. Or perhaps they didn’t bother to
enquire too closely about what was packed in the baskets and boxes they
transported. Imagine the consequences of one of these packages being lost, stolen
or falling off the back of the wagon, especially in an age when people detested
dissection of corpses and riots against it were not unknown. I can’t imagine
Royal Mail showing the same tolerance today!
A Medical Student at St Thomas’s
Hospital, 1801-1902: The Weekes Family Letters, John M T Ford,
(Medical History, Supplement No 7), (London,
Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, 1987).
